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Blood and immune system diseases

Hemophilia (A and B)

An inherited bleeding disorder. A factor that helps the blood to clot is missing. If factor VIII is missing, it is hemophilia A; if factor IX is missing, it is hemophilia B.

Not part of the panel of Türkiye's National Newborn Screening Programme (heel-prick test). Source

Orphanet has a guideline for emergency doctors for this disease (language: German, French, Italian). See on Orphanet

Prepare an emergency card

This page is translated from the Turkish original.

Understanding the disease

This section has not yet been reviewed by a physician. It summarises patient information from sources such as MedlinePlus, Orphanet and the NHS in plain language. The disease can differ from person to person; talk to your doctor about diagnosis and treatment.

What happens in this disease?

In hemophilia, a protein that makes blood clot is missing or does not work well. This protein is called a clotting factor. If factor VIII is missing, it is hemophilia A; if factor IX is missing, it is hemophilia B. Because of this, bleeding lasts a long time and is hard to stop.

Which symptoms can occur?

Symptoms often begin in early childhood. In the severe type, bleeding can also happen on its own. The mild type may not be noticed until an operation or a serious injury.

  • Long-lasting bleeding after a small cut, an operation or dental treatment (common)
  • Easy bruising (common)
  • Bleeding into the joints; pain, swelling and stiffness in the joint (common)
  • Bleeding into the muscles (common)
  • Bleeding that starts without a clear reason (in the severe type)
  • Bleeding into the brain or internal organs (rare but serious)

How is it diagnosed?

Symptoms, or hemophilia in the family, raise suspicion. Blood tests check how long clotting takes. Factor VIII and IX levels are measured. This level shows how severe the disease is.

Treatment and care

The main approach is to replace the missing clotting factor. This treatment can be given regularly to prevent bleeding, or when bleeding happens. For hemophilia A, there are also non-factor treatments. New approaches such as gene therapy are also being developed. The doctor who follows the disease decides which treatment is suitable.

For the family: inheritance and genetic counselling

Hemophilia is passed on through the X chromosome and mostly affects males. For each son of a carrier mother, the chance of having the disease is 50%. For each daughter, the chance of being a carrier is also 50%. Women who are carriers may have mild symptoms. Genetic counselling guides the family for future pregnancies.

Source: MedlinePlus Genetics — Hemophilia · Orphanet — Hemophilia (ORPHA:448) · NHS — Haemophilia

Key facts

How common is it?
Prevalence: 1-9 per 100 000 (Europe) · New cases per year: 1-9 per 100 000 (Europe)
How is it inherited?
X-linked recessive
When does it usually start?
Before birth, Newborn period, Infancy
Gene(s) involved
F8, F9

These facts are taken from Orphanet and MedlinePlus records (last checked: October 7, 2026). Frequency values are approximate ranges.

You are not alone: patient associations in Türkiye

Non-profit patient and family organizations in Türkiye working on this disease or disease group. Links are for information; Doktorclub is not affiliated with these organizations and does not endorse them.

For all rare diseases: Nadir Hastalıklar Federasyonu

Links checked on October 8, 2026.

Support and help

Doktorclub does not diagnose, recommend treatments or refer you to hospitals or doctors. These pages are meant to help you talk with your doctor.

News about Hemophilia

Clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov)

A clinical trial is a regulated study that tests whether a new treatment is safe and whether it works, in patients who volunteer. Most trials look for a certain age, genetic change and health condition. Taking part is voluntary.

This list is not a treatment recommendation. Treatments tested in phase 1–3 trials are investigational (experimental): their efficacy and safety have not yet been proven and they are not approved treatments. Taking part depends on each trial’s criteria and a physician’s assessment; the first step is to talk to the doctor who manages your care.

Questions you can ask your doctor

  • Could this trial be suitable for us?
  • If we take part, how would current treatment and check-ups be affected?
  • Where does the trial take place, and how are travel and accommodation handled?
  • What happens if we want to leave the trial?

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 97 active interventional studies for this disease. 44 are recruiting now; 17 have sites in Türkiye. Last checked: October 7, 2026.

Selected records (studies with a site in Türkiye first):

See all studies on ClinicalTrials.gov · Joining clinical trials

Blood and immune system diseases: other news

Medical codes (for talking with your doctor and finding sources)

These codes identify the disease in international classifications and databases. They can help when you talk with your doctor or look for reliable sources.

Orphanet code: ORPHA:98878, ORPHA:98879 · ICD-11 3B10.0, 3B11.0

Codes checked against WHO ICD-11 and Orphanet on October 6, 2026.

This page provides general information and does not replace diagnosis or treatment. Talk to your doctor about symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

The information on these pages is for general information only and does not replace medical advice. Talk to your doctor about diagnosis and treatment decisions. In an emergency in Türkiye, call 112.

Every update is based on an open source and labeled with its level of evidence. No advertising and no drug brand names. Our scientific principles

This page was translated from Turkish by the Doktorclub editorial team.